Ohio Assessments for Educators (OAE) Special Education Practice Exam

What characterizes Autism as a disorder?

1. A deficiency in communication and social interaction

2. A lack of cognitive abilities

3. An enhanced understanding of others' emotions

4. A preference for solitary play

The correct answer is: A deficiency in communication and social interaction

Autism is characterized primarily by deficits in communication and social interaction, which is fundamental to its diagnosis. Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often struggle with understanding social cues, engaging in reciprocal conversations, and forming relationships with peers and family members. These challenges can manifest in various ways, including difficulty interpreting body language, tone of voice, and facial expressions, as well as challenges in initiating and maintaining conversations. The other options do not accurately depict Autism. There are individuals with Autism who have strong cognitive abilities, and the spectrum includes a wide range of intellectual functioning. Also, while some individuals may prefer solitary play, this is not a defining characteristic of the disorder, as many individuals with Autism can engage in social play when provided with the right supports and opportunities. Finally, enhanced understanding of others' emotions is not typical; many individuals with Autism often find it difficult to recognize and respond to emotions in others. Thus, the correct answer emphasizes the core issues related to communication and social interaction that define Autism.