Ohio Assessments for Educators (OAE) Special Education Practice Exam

What type of disorder is characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions?

1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder

2. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

3. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

4. Social Anxiety Disorder

The correct answer is: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is specifically characterized by the presence of recurrent and persistent obsessions, which are intrusive and unwanted thoughts, urges, or images that cause significant anxiety or distress. In addition to obsessions, individuals with OCD often engage in compulsions, which are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that they feel driven to perform in response to the obsessions or according to rigid rules. These compulsions are aimed at reducing anxiety or preventing a feared event or situation, although they are often not connected to the events in a realistic way. The clinical presentation of OCD is distinct from other disorders mentioned in the options. For instance, Generalized Anxiety Disorder primarily involves excessive worry about various aspects of life and does not specifically revolve around obsessions and compulsions. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is characterized by patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity, which do not align with the nature of OCD. Social Anxiety Disorder is centered on excessive fear or anxiety in social situations, particularly regarding scrutiny by others, rather than the obsessions and compulsions seen in OCD. Understanding these specific features of OCD helps clarify why it stands out among these disorders as it directly relates to the occurrence of obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.