Ohio Assessments for Educators (OAE) Special Education Practice Exam

Which condition is typically associated with a chromosomal abnormality?

1. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

2. Down Syndrome

3. Emotional Behavioral Disorder

4. Echolalia

The correct answer is: Down Syndrome

Down Syndrome is typically associated with a chromosomal abnormality because it is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in what is known as Trisomy 21. This chromosomal condition leads to a range of physical and cognitive characteristics that are commonly recognized as part of Down Syndrome. Individuals with this syndrome often exhibit particular facial features, developmental delays, and an increased risk for certain health issues, all of which are linked to the genetic make-up that arises due to this chromosomal anomaly. In contrast, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome arises from maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and is not related to chromosomal abnormalities. Emotional Behavioral Disorder encompasses a wide range of emotional and behavioral problems but does not stem from a genetic or chromosomal cause. Echolalia, which is the repetition of phrases or words, is a condition often observed in language development and some disorders such as autism, but is also not linked to chromosomal issues.