Ohio Assessments for Educators (OAE) Special Education Practice Exam

Which of the following is an impairment caused by congenital anomaly or disease?

1. Specific Learning Disability

2. Orthopedic Impairment

3. Autism Spectrum Disorder

4. Emotional Disturbance

The correct answer is: Orthopedic Impairment

Orthopedic impairment refers to a condition that affects a child’s physical functioning due to congenital anomalies or diseases. This can include conditions like limb deficiency, abnormal bone formation, or other physical disabilities that are present at birth or develop from disease. The focus on congenital anomalies or disease makes orthopedic impairment distinct, as it specifically arises from physical issues, whereas other options pertain to cognitive or emotional functioning rather than being rooted in a physical defect or medical condition. Specific Learning Disability involves difficulties in processing information and is not primarily caused by a physical anomaly. Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects social interaction and communication but is not classified under congenital anomalies or diseases in the same way as orthopedic impairments. Emotional Disturbance encompasses a range of emotional and behavioral issues that may be present due to environmental factors or psychological conditions, differing from conditions caused by physical anomalies or diseases. Thus, orthopedic impairment is correctly designated as being caused by congenital anomalies or disease.